i.MX53 SODIMM PC Debian

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Altering and building Debian filesytem suitable for i.MX53 SODIMM PC - Development kit is shown here. Debian is a free operating system and an excellent choice for embedded solutions. More information about Debian project can be found on the official website.

Initial steps

Create working directory

mkdir -pv ~/workdir/vmx53/rootfs/debian7
cd ~/workdir/vmx53/rootfs/debian7

Download instalation files

wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-armhf/current/images/vexpress/netboot/initrd.gz
wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-armhf/current/images/vexpress/netboot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress

If these files are not available on the official Debian server anymore, an alternate source can be used: 

wget https://github.com/PhilipDeegan/qemu/blob/master/arm/os/debian/initrd.gz
wget https://github.com/PhilipDeegan/qemu/blob/master/arm/os/debian/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress

Install Debian into emulated machine

Create virtual HDD

qemu-img create -f raw ramdisk.img 2G

Install Debian

qemu-system-arm -m 256 -machine vexpress-a9 \
        -kernel vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress \
        -initrd initrd.gz \
        -sd ramdisk.img -append "root=/dev/ram"

Extract installed filesystem

Find partition start offset

hexdump -C ramdisk.img | less

00000000  fa b8 00 10 8e d0 bc 00  b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0  |................|
00000010  fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9  00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00  |...|.........!..|
00000020  00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b  83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75  |....8.u........u|
00000030  f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb  00 7c b2 80 8a 74 01 8b  |.........|...t..|
00000040  4c 02 cd 13 ea 00 7c 00  00 eb fe 00 00 00 00 00  |L.....|.........|
00000050  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  d2 63 00 00 00 00 80 20  |.........c..... |
000001c0  21 00 83 f3 6f 04 00 08  00 00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00  |!...o.......?...|
000001d0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00100000  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................| << here starts first partition
*
00100400  00 00 02 00 00 fe 07 00  4c 66 00 00 70 e9 05 00  |........Lf..p...|
00100410  fb 98 01 00 00 00 00 00  02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00  |................|

Copy the filesystem

mkdir -pv mount
mkdir -pv rootfs-debian7    
sudo chown root:root  rootfs-debian7
sudo mount -t ext4 -o loop,offset=1048576 ramdisk.img mount/
sudo cp -arvpf mount/* rootfs-debian7/
sudo umount mount/

Modifications

Remove persistent rules

#sudo rm rootfs-debian7/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent*
sudo sed -i '/^#/!d' rootfs-debian7/etc/fstab
#sudo sed -i 's/iface eth0/#iface eth0/g' rootfs-debian7/etc/network/interfaces

Enable serial console

sudo su

cat >> rootfs-debian7/etc/inittab << EOF
# VMX53 serial console
T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttymxc0 115200 vt100
EOF

exit

Add valid nameservers

sudo su

cat > rootfs-debian7/etc/resolv.conf << EOF
domain example.org
search example.org
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4
EOF

exit

Disable some services

sudo su

#sed -i 's/^test -x \/usr\/lib\/exim4\/exim4/test ! -x \/usr\/lib\/exim4\/exim4/' rootfs-debian7/etc/init.d/exim4

exit
cat << EOF > rootfs-debian7/etc/logo.sh
sudo su

#!/bin/sh

NORMAL="
\\033[0;39m"         # Standard console grey
SUCCESS="
\\033[1;32m"        # Success is green
WARNING="
\\033[1;33m"        # Warnings are yellow
FAILURE="
\\033[1;31m"        # Failures are red
INFO="
\\033[1;36m"           # Information is light cyan
BRACKET="
\\033[1;34m"        # Brackets are blue

ramt=\$(cat /proc/meminfo | grep MemTotal | awk '{print \$2}')
ramt=\$((ramt/1024))
ramf=\$(cat /proc/meminfo | grep MemFree  | awk '{print \$2}')
ramf=\$((ramf/1024))

romt=\$(df -h | grep root | head -n1 | awk '{print \$2"B"}')
romf=\$(df -h | grep root | head -n1 | awk '{print \$4"B"}')

root=\$(mount | grep -v '^rootfs' | grep root | awk '{print \$5}')
ipaddr=\$(ifconfig eth0 | grep "inet addr" | cut -d ":" -f2 | cut -d " " -f1)

echo "             _                    "
echo -n "            :_;                   "
echo "  \$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep -i 'Hardware' | awk '{print \$1": "\$3" "\$4}')"
echo ".-..-. .--. .-..---.  .--.   .--. "
echo -n ": 
\`; :' .; :: :: .; 
\`' .; ; '  ..'"
printf "  RAM:%06sMB FREE:%06sMB\n" \${ramt} \${ramf}
echo -n "
\`.__.'
\`.__.':_;: ._.'
\`.__,_;
\`.__.'"
printf "  ROM:%08s FREE:%08s\n" \${romt} \${romf}
echo -n "               : :                "
echo "  ROOT: \${SUCCESS}\${root}\${NORMAL}"
echo -n "               :_;                "
echo "  IP:   \${ipaddr}"
EOF
chmod a+x rootfs-debian7/etc/logo.sh
sed -i '/^exit/d' rootfs-debian7/etc/rc.local
cat << EOF >> rootfs-debian7/etc/rc.local
# Voipac logo
. /etc/logo.sh
exit 0
EOF

exit

Strip down filesystem even more

sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
sudo cp -arvp rootfs-debian7 rootfs-debian7-tiny
sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static rootfs-debian7-tiny/usr/bin
sudo chroot rootfs-debian7-tiny apt-get install localepurge
sudo chroot rootfs-debian7-tiny localepurge
#sudo chroot rootfs-debian7-tiny dpkg --get-selections
sudo chroot rootfs-debian7-tiny apt-get purge linux-image-vexpress
sudo chroot rootfs-debian7-tiny apt-get purge linux-image-3.2.0-4-vexpress

Final filesystem packages

NFS

sudo cp -arvpf rootfs-debian7/ /srv/nfs/rootfs-debian7-vmx53
/srv/nfs/rootfs-debian7-vmx53 *(rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,no_subtree_check,sync)
sudo exportfs -ra

TAR

cd rootfs-debian7-tiny/
sudo tar cvJpf ../rootfs-debian7-nfs_vmx53_$(date "+%Y%m%d").tar.xz *

UBIFS

NAND Flash up to 512MB

export fs_direcotry=/home/marek/workdir/vmx53/rootfs/debian7/rootfs-debian7-tiny/
export fs_ubifs_image=rootfs-debian7-ubifs-m2k-e128k-512M_vmx53_$(date "+%Y%m%d").bin
sudo mkfs.ubifs -m 2048 -e 129024 -c 4080 -r ${fs_direcotry} -o ${fs_ubifs_image}
cp -av ${fs_ubifs_image} /srv/tftp/vmx53/

NAND Flash 1GB

export fs_direcotry=/home/marek/workdir/vmx53/rootfs/debian7/rootfs-debian7-tiny/
export fs_ubifs_image=rootfs-debian7-ubifs-m4k-e512k-1G_vmx53_$(date "+%Y%m%d").bin
sudo mkfs.ubifs -m 4096 -e 520192 -c 2000 -r ${fs_direcotry} -o ${fs_ubifs_image}
cp -av ${fs_ubifs_image} /srv/tftp/vmx53/

NAND Flash 4GB

export fs_direcotry=/home/marek/workdir/vmx53/rootfs/debian7/rootfs-debian7-tiny/
export fs_ubifs_image=rootfs-debian7-ubifs-m4k-e1M-4G_vmx53_$(date "+%Y%m%d").bin
sudo mkfs.ubifs -m 4096 -e 1040384 -c 4080 -r ${fs_direcotry} -o ${fs_ubifs_image}
cp -av ${fs_ubifs_image} /srv/tftp/vmx53/
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